Fibromyalgia

Definition

What is fibromyalgia?

Fibromyalgia, also known as fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), is a chronic, non-inflammatory condition that affects the musculoskeletal system. It is a complex disorder primarily characterized by generalized pain processing in the body. People with fibromyalgia experience ongoing physical strain that often impacts daily life and can reduce quality of life.

Fibromyalgia is classified among so-called functional somatic syndromes and is now recognized as a distinct disease. It occurs worldwide in millions of people and predominantly affects women, but men and children can also be affected. The term stems from Latin and Greek and literally means “fiber-muscle-pain."

A hallmark of fibromyalgia is that no organic causes or visible inflammatory processes in tissues can be detected. Nevertheless, fibromyalgia is regarded as a physically real condition that should be taken seriously medically. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia is based on certain criteria and a comprehensive clinical assessment by specialists or therapists experienced in the condition. Because fibromyalgia symptoms can vary greatly between individuals, an interdisciplinary approach to care is often advisable. Various medical specialties — such as rheumatology, pain medicine, physiotherapy, or psychosomatics — often work closely together to ensure the best possible fibromyalgia treatment for those affected.

Fibromyalgia is not life-threatening, but it can be chronic and persist for years. According to current knowledge, fibromyalgia is not curable. However, with a holistic treatment approach, fibromyalgia symptoms can be reduced and a significant improvement in quality of life can be achieved.

Causes of fibromyalgia

The exact causes of fibromyalgia are still not fully understood. Researchers assume that it is a multifactorial disorder — meaning that various biological, genetic, psychological, and environmental factors can contribute to the development of fibromyalgia.

A central role in the causes of fibromyalgia is likely played by a disturbance in pain processing within the central nervous system. In people with fibromyalgia syndrome, stimuli that are not normally perceived as painful seem to be processed in an amplified manner by the brain. This misdirected pain processing could be due to a dysfunction in stimulus processing or pain modulation.

Genetic factors may also play a role. Studies show that fibromyalgia occurs more frequently in some families, suggesting a possible inherited predisposition. Certain gene variants could increase pain sensitivity or influence how the body responds to stress. Another possible trigger for fibromyalgia is chronic stress or psychological strain over a prolonged period. Traumatic events, such as accidents, surgeries, or emotional shocks, have been reported by many affected individuals prior to the first onset of the condition. Chronic stress, burnout, anxiety disorders, or depression can also be considered potential contributing factors.

Furthermore, disturbances in the hormonal balance (e.g., an imbalance of stress hormones like cortisol), changes in neurotransmitter levels (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine), as well as sleep disorders are discussed as possible contributors to the development of fibromyalgia. Infections such as Epstein-Barr virus, Lyme disease, or other viral or bacterial illnesses are also discussed as potential triggers. In some cases, fibromyalgia syndrome appears to first occur after a severe physical illness. Overall, the causes of fibromyalgia represent a complex interplay of various factors. Research is ongoing to better understand the exact mechanisms and derive targeted therapeutic approaches.

Symptoms of fibromyalgia

Symptoms of fibromyalgia are diverse and can vary greatly from person to person. They depend, among other things, on individual pain sensitivity, psychological stressors, overall health status, and lifestyle. The condition is characterized by chronic pain, particularly in muscles and tendons, as well as a range of other physical and psychological complaints. Fibromyalgia cannot be detected by imaging methods such as X-ray or MRI because there are no structural changes. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia is usually made through a careful clinical examination and the exclusion of other conditions. Below are the most common symptoms of fibromyalgia. However, it is important to note that atypical complaints may also occur and the list is not exhaustive.

• Chronic fibromyalgia pain throughout the body: Diffuse, long-lasting pain in muscles, tendons, and joints — without an inflammatory cause. Often several body regions are affected simultaneously.
• Morning stiffness: Affected individuals often feel stiff and immobile after waking up. This feeling can last from minutes to hours.
• Increased pressure sensitivity: Even slight pressure on certain body points (so-called tender points) can be perceived as painful.
• Sleep disturbances: Many people with fibromyalgia syndrome have difficulty falling or staying asleep. Sleep is often perceived as non-restorative.
• Persistent fatigue / exhaustion (fatigue): Despite adequate sleep, sufferers often feel weak and lacking in energy. This chronic fatigue significantly impairs daily life.
• Concentration and memory problems (“fibro fog”): Cognitive performance can be reduced — e.g., forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, or slow thinking.
• Headaches and migraines: Tension-type headaches or migraine-like symptoms often occur — frequently in combination with neck or shoulder pain.
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Many patients complain of digestive problems such as bloating, diarrhea, or constipation. These symptoms may alternate.
• Breathing problems: Shortness of breath can be a symptom of fibromyalgia. Many people with fibromyalgia report breathlessness or a feeling of not getting enough air.
• Sensory disturbances (paresthesias): Tingling, numbness, or burning sensations in the hands, feet, or other body areas are common.
• Depressive moods: Persistent fibromyalgia pain and exhaustion can severely affect mental well-being. Many sufferers develop depressive symptoms or anxiety.
• Increased weather sensitivity: Changes in temperature, barometric pressure, or humidity can worsen symptoms. Many report weather-dependent increases in pain.
• Dizziness and balance disorders: A sense of instability when walking or sudden bouts of dizziness are not uncommon.
• Tremors or muscle twitches: Involuntary trembling or twitching of muscles can occur in fibromyalgia — often without an identifiable cause.
• Cold and heat anomalies: Affected individuals often have cold hands or feet or disturbed temperature perception. Sometimes cold or heat are perceived as painfully uncomfortable.
• Bladder irritation / overactive bladder: Frequent urge to urinate without infection can occur — linked with the feeling of never fully emptying the bladder.
• Dry eyes or dry mouth: These fibromyalgia symptoms resembling Sjögren’s syndrome can additionally impair well-being.
• Restlessness or inner nervousness: A constant inner tension or “not being able to relax” is a frequently described accompanying symptom.

Conventional therapies – what helps with fibromyalgia

Various conventional treatment approaches are available to treat fibromyalgia. The goal is to alleviate fibromyalgia symptoms — particularly pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances — and to improve the quality of life of those affected. Below are some established fibromyalgia therapies. The list is not exhaustive, as different measures may be appropriate depending on individual presentation and comorbidities. Often a combination of several therapy forms is recommended. Medical consultation is essential to find the appropriate fibromyalgia treatment for each individual case.

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): A form of psychotherapy that helps change negative thought patterns and the handling of fibromyalgia pain — promotes active pain management.
• Medication therapy: Use of antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or pain medications to relieve pain and sleep disturbances.
• Exercise therapy: Regular physical activity (e.g., walking, light endurance training) has been shown to be a suitable fibromyalgia therapy to improve pain perception, mood, and endurance.
• Relaxation techniques: Methods such as progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, or meditation help reduce stress that can amplify pain.
• Sleep hygiene: Measures to improve sleep behavior, since fibromyalgia is often associated with non-restorative sleep.
• Nutritional therapy: Adjusted, anti-inflammatory nutrition can help alleviate symptoms — e.g., less sugar, more omega-3 fatty acids.
• Physiotherapy: Targeted exercises, heat treatments, or massages can release muscle tension and promote mobility.
• Patient education: Information about the condition, self-management strategies, and practical tips for daily life strengthen self-efficacy.
• Occupational therapy: Helps manage daily life better, make ergonomic adjustments, and avoid overexertion.
• Cold or heat therapy: Applications such as heat packs or cooling gels can locally relieve pain and influence circulation.
• Music or art therapy: Creative forms of expression promote emotional well-being and help cope with chronic pain.
• Aromatherapy: Use of essential oils to promote relaxation and pain relief, often complementary to massage or meditation.
• Acupuncture: Traditional Chinese technique involving fine needles inserted into specific body points to regulate energy flows.
• Biofeedback: Procedures that make body functions such as heart rate or muscle tension visible to better control them.
• TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation): Electrical impulses stimulate nerves via the skin and can reduce pain transmission.
• Balneotherapy: Baths in thermal or mineral waters (e.g., sulfur or brine baths) can relieve pain and muscle tension.
• Yoga or Tai Chi: Gentle movement forms focusing on breathing, mindfulness, and body awareness — improve flexibility and stress management.

kybun mode of action – what helps with fibromyalgia

kybun products target where many problems for people with fibromyalgia begin: limited movement, muscle tension, and chronic overload of the musculoskeletal system. Thanks to the elastic-springy sole, kybun shoes both unload the body and stimulate natural, active movement. This special combination can help relieve muscular tension, gently mobilize the joints, and promote circulation in fibromyalgia. At the same time, walking on the unstable, elastic-springy material trains the deep muscles, which can contribute to better posture and reduced pain perception. Thus, kybun shoes aim to offer an approach to help manage fibromyalgia. Below are the main modes of action of kybun products for fibromyalgia.

• Promotion of movement and reduction of sedentary behavior

  Regular movement and a reduction in sedentary activities are central components in fibromyalgia care. Studies and experience show that physical activity can help relieve chronic fibromyalgia pain, improve mobility, and reduce fatigue. Inactivity, on the other hand, can lead to muscle loss, increased stiffness, and heightened pain sensitivity. The elastic-springy kybun products encourage the joy of movement, as dynamic standing and walking on the soft material gently activates and at the same time relieves the entire musculoskeletal system. Through continuous, joint-friendly activation of the muscles, circulation is promoted, tensions are released, and body awareness is improved. Additionally, kybun products help reduce the amount of sitting time in daily life — an important factor for improving quality of life in fibromyalgia. The positive effects associated with movement promotion by kybun products are outlined below.

• Activation and strengthening of muscles through the elastic-springy property

  An elastic-springy surface like that of kybun products can promote muscle activation and strengthening in a gentle yet lasting way — a crucial advantage in fibromyalgia, where muscle tension, general weakness, and pain are often prominent. When walking and standing on the unstable material, numerous small compensatory movements are required to maintain balance. This muscle activation particularly affects the deep muscles of the feet, legs, pelvis, and trunk — exactly those muscle groups responsible for posture, stability, and movement coordination.
  Through this gentle but continuous activation, muscle tensions can be loosened, circulation promoted, and body awareness improved — which can positively affect pain perception in fibromyalgia syndrome. The role of the feet is particularly important: as the base of posture, they directly influence the alignment of the entire body. An activated and strengthened foot musculature stabilizes the knees, hips, and back and can reduce malalignments that often accompany additional fibromyalgia complaints.
  In addition, the controlled sinking of the feet into the elastic-springy kybun material creates a myofascial pre-tension that leads to improved muscle coordination and increased body perception. These factors are essential to increase overall resilience and reduce typical fibromyalgia pain in the long term.

Balance and EMG

Balance ability was measured with a force plate by tracking movement of the center of mass front-to-back (ant-post) and side-to-side (med-lat) while standing. In parallel, electromyography (EMG) recorded muscle activity.

• Reduction of force transmission from hard, flat floors through damping effect

  Hard, flat floors transmit impact forces directly through the soles to the knees, hips, and the entire spine with each step. These continuous micro-stresses can further irritate the already sensitive pain system in people with fibromyalgia and increase muscle tension and joint complaints. The elastic-springy sole of kybun shoes counteracts this effect: when the heel strikes, the foot gently sinks into the material, absorbing part of the impact energy and significantly reducing load on the musculoskeletal system.
  The so-called rebound effect of the kybun sole — the gentle spring-back after sinking in — allows for a more even distribution of forces when walking. This protects sensitive joints and relieves overused structures such as muscles, tendons, and fascia. Especially in fibromyalgia, where overstimulation of the muscular and fascial system often plays a central role, this gentle damping can minimize pain signals and make movement feel less stressful.
  In addition, the slow sinking of the heel gives the body more time to activate stabilizing muscle groups. The resulting baseline tension improves joint guidance and supports gentle, joint-friendly locomotion. This combination of shock absorption and muscular stabilization can help reduce pain, facilitate movement, and sustainably promote physical well-being in fibromyalgia syndrome.

• Natural foot roll thanks to muscle activation and roll-off function

  When the heel strikes in kybun shoes, the foot slowly sinks into the elastic-springy material. This delayed sinking not only reduces the sudden impact force but also gives the muscles additional time to actively adapt to the load. The targeted activation of the foot muscles stabilizes the arch and enables a natural, controlled roll-off — from heel strike through midfoot to push-off via the forefoot.
  Especially in fibromyalgia, where neuromuscular coordination is often disturbed and even everyday movements can be perceived as uncomfortable or painful, this guided roll-off can provide valuable support. The gentle activation during walking prevents a collapsing foot effect, reduces compensatory protective postures, and helps restore natural gait dynamics. The active roll-off also promotes a smoother movement sequence and transfers applied forces efficiently into forward motion — instead of transmitting them undamped into joints and muscles.
  The resulting range of motion in foot, knee, hip, and spinal joints leads to a better distribution of load throughout the body. Particularly valuable in fibromyalgia: the induced rotation in the upper body produces gentle spinal mobilization, improving disc nutrition and perfusion of the surrounding tissues. Overall, the natural roll-off with kybun not only relieves overstrained structures but also promotes a healthy, rhythmic movement pattern — which can have long-term positive effects on pain perception, mobility, and well-being.

• Optimized pressure distribution

  The elastic-springy kybun products enclose the entire sole evenly and thus ensure an optimized pressure distribution when walking and standing. In fibromyalgia, where many sufferers suffer from painful pressure points, increased pressure sensitivity, and muscular overload, this even distribution of load can lead to significant relief. By reducing local peak loads, sensitive structures such as muscles, tendons, joints, and fascia are protected.
  The soft, reactive sole allows the contact area to adapt dynamically with each step. This increases the surface area over which body weight is distributed and reduces focal pressure points — for example in the heel, ball of the foot, or metatarsal heads. This not only relieves pain but also promotes a more natural posture and movement sequence, which can counteract long-term malloads and tension in the entire musculoskeletal system.
  Especially in fibromyalgia, where even light loads can be perceived as uncomfortable, the optimized pressure distribution of kybun products provides noticeable relief. It enables gentler, more comfortable walking and standing — without overstimulating already sensitive structures. In this way, the movement experience can be improved and the vicious cycle of pain, protective posture, and lack of movement can be broken.

• Care and protection of the fascia

  Walking on the elastic-springy surface of kybun products can significantly help care for and protect the fascia — a central aspect in fibromyalgia management, since fascial tensions and adhesions are often associated with chronic pain. Fasciae are fine but resilient connective tissue structures that surround, connect, and support muscles, organs, and joints, and are responsible for tension distribution and mobility. They react particularly sensitively to lack of movement, repetitive loads, or stress — typical factors frequently present in fibromyalgia syndrome.
  The springy movement when walking in kybun shoes generates gentle, rhythmic impulses that stimulate fascial tissue. This increases circulation, improves fluid exchange, and supports the removal of metabolic waste. These processes help loosen or prevent adhesions and hardening in the fascia. At the same time, dynamic loading preserves the elasticity and gliding ability of the fascial network, promoting mobility and potentially reducing fibromyalgia pain.
  A well-maintained, elastic fascial network also supports even force distribution in the body and relieves overused structures such as muscles, joints, and the spine. Especially in fibromyalgia, where many complaints can be traced back to disturbed fascial tension, the gentle mobilization by kybun can help reduce pain, improve movement flow, and positively influence overall body perception. Regular use of kybun products thus promotes not only the joy of movement but also the long-term health of connective tissue.

• Improved circulation through increased activity

  Walking and standing on the elastic-springy surface of kybun products promotes natural activity — a central factor for perfusion of the entire musculoskeletal system. In fibromyalgia, where reduced microcirculation and diminished tissue blood flow are often observed, gently stimulated rhythmic movement can be decisive in alleviating complaints. Increased activity on the elastic-springy sole stimulates the muscle pump, improves venous return, and enhances oxygen and nutrient supply to muscles, fasciae, and joints.
  This improved circulation supports tissue regeneration, the removal of metabolic products, and can help release chronic muscle tensions — a typical symptom in fibromyalgia. Even indirectly nourished structures, such as intervertebral discs or deeper fascial layers, benefit from the increased metabolic activity due to movement. At the same time, thermoregulation and tissue elasticity are improved, leading to a more comfortable body sensation and increased willingness to move.
  Overall, using kybun products promotes better circulation through everyday integrated activity — without overexertion. This can help increase physical resilience, reduce pain, and sustainably improve the quality of life for people with fibromyalgia.

Application tips for fibromyalgia

Before you wear kybun shoes for the first time, you should consider some application tips. Correct usage can help alleviate fibromyalgia pain.

• Start with short wearing periods and increase them gradually. Initially, wear kybun shoes only as long as your body allows. The body, especially the muscles and nervous system, needs time to adapt to the elastic-springy surface. Introduce breaks if fibromyalgia complaints increase or if the musculoskeletal system becomes fatigued. Because kybun products activate muscles, initial reactions may occur as the muscles adapt.
• Press the heel actively into the elastic-springy material when the heel strikes and feel the damping property of kybun shoes. The cushioning is intended to absorb and reduce impacts on the body, thereby reducing load on muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, joints, and bones.
• Roll the foot slowly from heel through midfoot to forefoot. Avoid tense or abrupt stepping — smooth movements help distribute muscle tension more evenly.
• Initially take shorter steps rather than long strides — this supports stability and coordination. This helps avoid overload in the knees, hips, or back.
• Try over time to actively roll off more via the forefoot. Increasing the range of motion in the feet generates more movement in all joints, which helps with tension and stiffness. If active roll-off via the forefoot is not possible due to blockages or other deficits, reduce the roll-off motion.